Jacob Lawrence

Child labor and a lack of education was one of the other reasons for people wishing to leave their homes ℹ️

Housing for the Negroes was a very difficult problem ℹ️

In every home people who had not gone North met and tried to decide if they should go North or not ℹ️

In many of the communities the Negro press was read continually because of its attitude and its encouragement of the movement ℹ️

In the North the Negro had better educational facilities ℹ️

Industries attempted to board their labor in quarters that were oftentimes very unhealthy. Labor camps were numerous ℹ️

Living conditions were better in the North ℹ️

migrants arrived in great numbers ℹ️

migration gained in momentum ℹ️

Negro press was also influential in urging the people to leave the South ℹ️

Negro was the largest source of labor to be found after all others had been exhausted ℹ️

One of the largest race riots occurred in East St. Louis ℹ️

One of the main forms of social and recreational activities in which the migrants indulged occurred in the church ℹ️

Race riots were very numerous all over the North because of the antagonism that was caused between the Negro and white workers. Many of these riots occurred because the Negro was used as a strike breaker in many of the Northern industries ℹ️

railroad stations in the South were crowded with people leaving for the North ℹ️

railroad stations were at times so over-packed with people leaving that special guards had to be called in to keep order ℹ️

The labor agent who had been sent South by Northern industry was a very familiar person in the Negro counties ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 11: Food had doubled in price because of the war. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 13: The crops were left to dry and rot. There was no one to tend them. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 15: There were lynchings. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 17: Tenant farmers received harsh treatment at the hands of planters. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 19: There had always been discrimination. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 1: During World War I there was a great migration north by southern African Americans. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 21: Families arrived at the station very early. They did not wish to miss their trains north. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 23: The migration spread. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 25: They left their homes. Soon some communities were left almost empty. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 27: Many men stayed behind until they could take their families north with them. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 29: The labor agent recruited unsuspecting laborers as strike breakers for northern industries. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 31: The migrants found improved housing when they arrived north. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 33: Letters from relatives in the North told of the better life there. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 35: They left the South in great numbers. They arrived in the North in great numbers. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 37: Many migrants found work in the steel industry. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 39: Railroad platforms were piled high with luggage. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 3: From every southern town migrants left by the hundreds to travel north. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 41: The South was desperate to keep its cheap labor. Northern labor agents were jailed or forced to operate in secrecy. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 43: In a few sections of the South leaders of both Black and White communities met to discuss ways of making the South a good place to live. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 45: The migrants arrived in Pittsburgh, one of the great industrial centers of the North. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 47: As the migrant population grew, good housing became scarce. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 49: They found discrimination in the North. It was a different kind. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 51: African Americans seeking to find better housing attempted to move into new areas. This resulted in the bombing of their new homes. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 53: African American, long-time residents of northern cities met the migrants with aloofness and disdain. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 55: The migrants, having moved suddenly into a crowded and unhealthy environment, soon contracted tuberculosis. The death rate rose. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 57: The female workers were the last to arrive north. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 59: In the North they had the freedom to vote. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 5: Migrants were advanced passage on the railroads, paid for by northern industry. Northern industry was to be repaid by the migrants out of their future wages. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 7: The migrant, whose life had been rural and nurtured by the earth, was now moving to urban life dependent on industrial machinery. ℹ️

The Migration Series, Panel no. 9: They left because the boll weevil had ravaged the cotton crop. ℹ️

They also made it very difficult for migrants leaving the South. They often went to railroad stations and arrested the Negroes wholesale which in turn made them miss their train. ℹ️

They also worked in large numbers on the railroad ℹ️

They arrived in great numbers into Chicago the gateway of the West ℹ️

They did not always leave because they were promised work in the North. Many of them left because of Southern conditions one of them being great floods that ruined the crops and therefore they were unable to make a living where they were ℹ️

They were very poor ℹ️

trains were packed continually with migrants ℹ️

World War had caused a great shortage in Northern industry and also citizens of foreign countries were returning home ℹ️

Junk ℹ️

1937

Museum of Fine Arts Boston

Blind Beggars ℹ️

1938

Untitled ℹ️

1938

Indianapolis Museum of Art

Migration Series ℹ️

1940

Bar and Grill ℹ️

1941

Pool Parlor ℹ️

1941

Firewood #55 ℹ️

1942

The Photographer ℹ️

1942

Going to Work ℹ️

1943

Buffalo AKG Art Museum

Captain Skinner ℹ️

1944

Seaman's Belt ℹ️

1945

Buffalo AKG Art Museum

The Shoemaker ℹ️

1945

Juke Box ℹ️

1946

Detroit Institute of Arts

New Jersey, from the United States Series ℹ️

1946

War Series: Another Patrol ℹ️

1946

War Series: The Letter ℹ️

1946

Children at Play ℹ️

1947

Georgia Museum of Art

Migration ℹ️

1947

M. H. de Young Memorial Museum

War Series: Alert ℹ️

1947

War Series: Beachhead ℹ️

1947

War Series: Casualty - The Secretary of War Regrets ℹ️

1947

War Series: Docking - Cigarette, Joe? ℹ️

1947

War Series: Going Home ℹ️

1947

War Series: How Long? ℹ️

1947

War Series: On Leave ℹ️

1947

War Series: Prayer ℹ️

1947

War Series: Purple Hearts ℹ️

1947

War Series: Reported Missing ℹ️

1947

War Series: Shipping Out ℹ️

1947

War Series: Victory ℹ️

1947

Ambulance Call ℹ️

1948

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art

Flower Woman ℹ️

1948

Yale University Art Gallery

The Wedding ℹ️

1948

Ventriloquist ℹ️

1952

Harvard Art Museums

Struggle Series - No. 10: Washington Crossing the Delaware ℹ️

1954

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility... --17 September 1787 ℹ️

1955

Harvard Art Museums

Café Comedian ℹ️

1957

Museum of Fine Arts Boston

"Men exist for the sake of one another. Teach them then or bear with them."--Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Meditations, VIII:59. From the series Great Ideas of Western Man. ℹ️

1958

Fulton and Nostrand ℹ️

1958

Cleveland Museum of Art

The Visitors ℹ️

1958

Dallas Museum of Art

Fruits and Vegetables ℹ️

1959

Cincinnati Art Museum

The Brown Angel ℹ️

1959

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

The Library ℹ️

1960

Taboo ℹ️

1963

Daybreak - A Time to Rest ℹ️

1967

National Gallery of Art

Dream Series #5: The Library ℹ️

1967

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

General Ojukwu ℹ️

1968

National Portrait Gallery

Jesse Jackson ℹ️

1970

National Portrait Gallery

Builders No. 1 ℹ️

1971

Birmingham Museum of Art

Study for the Munich Olympic Games Poster ℹ️

1971

Seattle Art Museum

"In a free government, the security of civil rights must be the same as that for religious rights. It consists in the one case in the multiplicity of interests, and in the other, in the multiplicity of sects."--James Mad ℹ️

1976

Dreams No. 2 ℹ️

1976

The Studio ℹ️

1977

Seattle Art Museum

Community (study for mural, Jamaica, NY) ℹ️

1986

Supermarket Flora ℹ️

1994